//Upper GI ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ // ugi_barrett_esophagus_1 ---------------------------------------------- ugi_barrett_esophagus_1_presentation_headline = 'Barrett Esophagus'; ugi_barrett_esophagus_1_presentation_copy = '56 year old male patient with long standing reflux symptoms with predominant heartburn.

Patient was treated with intermittent PPI therapy and was scheduled for upper endoscopy 12 months ago which revealed long segment Barrett’s esophagus.

Patient was currently re-scheduled for endomicroscopy evaluating the presence of Barrett’s epithelium and associated dysplasia.

Endomicroscopy was performed with fluorescein intravenously (5ml; 10%) as contrast agent.'; ugi_barrett_esophagus_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Barrett Esophagus'; ugi_barrett_esophagus_1_diagnosis_copy = 'The final diagnosis in this gentlemen was long segment Barrett’s esophagus without associated neoplasia.

Endomicroscopy was able to identify specialized columnar epithelium within the distal part of the esophagus due to the videoendoscopic guidance of the endomicroscope in the distal esophagus in combination with the in vivo identification of goblet cells defining Barrett’s epithelium.

Optical and mucosal biopsies did not reveal any neoplastic/dysplastic changes.

Patient was informed about the results and he was implement into an endoscopic surveillance programme. The GERD symptoms were treated with continuous PPI therapy.'; // ugi_barret_cancer_1 ---------------------------------------------- ugi_barret_cancer_1_presentation_headline = 'Barrett\'s cancer'; ugi_barret_cancer_1_presentation_copy = '61 year old male patient with increased dysphagia was presented for endoscopic evaluation.

Patient suffered from reflux since decades and weight loss occurred during the last six months.

Thoracic and epigastric pain was treated with analgesic (OTC).

Upper Endomicroscopy was performed with fluorescein intravenously (5ml; 10%) as contrast agent.'; ugi_barret_cancer_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Barrett\'s cancer'; ugi_barret_cancer_1_diagnosis_copy = 'Endoscopy identified a deep ulceration within columnar lined lower esophagus. Endomicroscopy proved the presence of Barrett’s esophagus and Barrett’s cancer.

Endomicroscopy was unable to judge the infiltration depth of malignant changes due to the limited imaging plane depth. However macroscopy and in vivo microscopy immediately led to the diagnosis of Barrett’s associated neoplasia and the patient was send to surgery.

After esophageal resection a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (T3N2 M0) was finally diagnosed'; //Lower GI ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ // lgi_ulcerative_colitis_1 ---------------------------------------------- lgi_ulcerative_colitis_1_presentation_headline = 'Ulcerative colitis'; lgi_ulcerative_colitis_1_presentation_copy = '45 year old female patient with long standing ulcerative colitis was scheduled for surveillance colonoscopy.

Patient has had pancolitis at her last examination. Over the last six months she was in stable clinical remission.

Colonoscopy with endomicroscopy was performed with fluorescein intravenously (5ml; 10%) as contrast agent. In addition, chromoendoscopy with methylene blue (~50ml, 0.1%) was performed prior endomicroscopy to unmask circumscribed lesions.'; lgi_ulcerative_colitis_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Ulcerative colitis'; lgi_ulcerative_colitis_1_diagnosis_copy = 'Endoscopy identified a suspicious lesion at the right colon.

Methylene blue aided chromoendoscopy unmasked the borders of a flat, circumscribed lesion. Targeted endomicroscopy revealed in vivo architecture highly suspicious for the presence of colitis associated neoplasia.

Targeted biopsy and final (ex vivo) histology evaluation diagnosed colitis associated high grade dysplasia but beeing very suspicous for carcinoma.

Patient was scheduled for proctocolectomy.'; // lgi_colorectal_cancer_1 ---------------------------------------------- lgi_colorectal_cancer_1_presentation_headline = 'Colorectal cancer'; lgi_colorectal_cancer_1_presentation_copy = '72 year old female patient was scheduled for colonoscopy due to weight loss and anemia.

Abdominal ultrasound and laboratory workup prior colonoscopy not show any significant abnormalities.'; lgi_colorectal_cancer_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Colorectal cancer'; lgi_colorectal_cancer_1_diagnosis_copy = 'Endoscopy identified a elevated lesion with central depression at the transverse colon.

Endomicroscopy identified an area highly suspicious for the presence of neoplastic changes.

Final histology revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and patient was sent to surgery.

Final diagnosis after surgery was poorly differentiated with lymph node metastasis adenocarcinoma (pT2, pN1, pMx, G3).'; // lgi_depressed_colorectal_cancer_1 ---------------------------------------------- lgi_depressed_colorectal_cancer_1_presentation_headline = 'Depressed colorectal cancer'; lgi_depressed_colorectal_cancer_1_presentation_copy = '76 year old female patient has had abdominal pain and fatigue. Patient was scheduled for gastroscopy and colonoscopy

Confocal colonoscopy was performed with fluorescein intravenously (5ml; 10%) as contrast agent.'; lgi_depressed_colorectal_cancer_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Depressed colorectal cancer'; lgi_depressed_colorectal_cancer_1_diagnosis_copy = 'Meticulous inspection of colonic mucosal surface is mandatory to recognize subtle mucosal changes, which can be further characterized using chromoendoscopy and endomicroscopy.

A depressed lesion with irregular surface and subsurface architecture lead to the in vivo diagnosis of neoplasia.

Thus, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed.

Histology revealed a well differentiated 0.7 mm adenocarcinoma with initial infiltration into the submucosal layer (120µm) and lymphatic vessel permeation.

Resection was complete but due to the lymphatic vessel permeation the patient was sent to segmental colonic resection. No lymph node metastases nor remaining tumor were found. The final diagnosis was: pT1 (sm1), pL1, pV0, pN0, Mx, G1'; // lgi_colonic_polyps_1 ---------------------------------------------- lgi_colonic_polyps_1_presentation_headline = 'Colonics polyps'; lgi_colonic_polyps_1_presentation_copy = '57 year old female patient was scheduled for screening colonoscopy.

Patient presented in good clinical condition.

Endomicroscopy was performed with fluorescein intravenously (5ml; 10%) as contrast agent.'; lgi_colonic_polyps_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Colonics polyps'; lgi_colonic_polyps_1_diagnosis_copy = 'Endoscopy in combination with chromoendoscopy revealed a flat lesion beside some polypoid alterations.

Chromoendoscopy could identify a type IIa lesion and endomicroscopy characterized neoplastic changes during ongoing colonoscopy which eased the decision for endoscopic resection.

Histology revealed low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (low grade adenoma), which was completely resected. Patient was implement into a regular surveillance programme.'; // lgi_colonic_polyps_1 ---------------------------------------------- lgi_colon_polyposis_1_presentation_headline = 'Colon Polyposis'; lgi_colon_polyposis_1_presentation_copy = 'A 17 year old girl reported about anal bleeding and weight loss.

Family history of colon cancer could not be evaluated because the Afghani patient became orphan right after birth and was adopted by an European family.

Endomicroscopy was performed with fluorescein intravenously (5ml; 10%) as contrast agent.'; lgi_colon_polyposis_1_diagnosis_headline = 'Colon Polyposis'; lgi_colon_polyposis_1_diagnosis_copy = 'Endoscopy identified hundreds of polyps in this young patient.

Endomicroscopy and histology proved the presence of different neoplastic alterations.

Genetic testing diagnosed mutations in the adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) gene, which is located on chromosome 5q21-q22 and identified familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome.

Patient was sent to surgery for proctocolectomy.';